Mauthausen

 

wikimedia

Afb. 1: Link naar een kaart met de voormalige satellietkampen.
  Bron: mauthausen-memorial.org [2]
Afb. 2: De granietgroeve Wiener Graben [1.2.], Mauthausen

Vanaf 8 augustus 1938, vijf maanden na de “Anschluss” van Oostenrijk bij het Duitse Rijk, werd het concentratiekamp Mauthausen opgebouwd bij de bestaande granietgroeve. De gevangenen moesten graniet produceren voor de pompeuze nazi-bouwwerken, onder het zwaarste regime dat er voor de kampen bestond: “Lagerstufe III”. Hetzelfde gebeurde in het nevenkamp Gusen [4]. Er ontstond een groot netwerk van nevenkampen, verdeeld over heel Oostenrijk, die voor de Duitse wapenindustrie werkten. Klik op het nevenstaande kaartje voor een vergroting [2]. De gevangenen in de twee eerste kampen in Mauthausen en Gusen waren vooral politieke tegenstanders zoals verzetsmensen.
Vanaf mei 1944 werden Joodse gevangenen uit Hongarije en Polen in groten getale naar Mauthausen gedeporteerd. Zij hadden de minste overlevingskansen.
In het geheel werden tussen de oprichting van het kamp in augustus 1938 en de bevrijding door het Amerikaanse leger in mei 1945 bijna 190.000 mensen naar Mauthausen gedeporteerd. Daarvan zijn er minstens 90.000 gestorven. [2]

Een voorbeeld van de vele satelliet­kampen: In 1942/43 werden twee kampen gebouwd aan de noord- en zuidzijde van de Loiblpas als subkampen van het concentratiekamp Mauthausen: Loibl Noord en Loibl Zuid. De kampgevangenen die van Mauthausen naar het concentratiekamp Loibl werden overgebracht, werden gebruikt voor de bouw van de Loibl-tunnel. [5]

De Griekse dichter Iakovos Kambanellis, een overlevende van het concentratiekamp Mauthausen, schreef daar de cyclus Μαουτχάουζεν (Mauthausen) over, die wereldberoemd werd door de componist Mikis Theodorakis. De muziek werd onder andere in het voormalige concentratiekamp verschillende keren uitgevoerd. [7]

1. Open Street Map :
   1. KZ-Gedenkstätte Mauthausen, Erinnerungsstraße 1, 4310 Mauthausen
   2. Wiener Graben (Granitsteinbruch Mauthausen)
   3. Gusen III - Außenlager von KZ Mauthausen
   4. KZ Ebensee • Ebensee KZ-Gedenkstollen
2. Website: Nederlands • Deutsch • English • Français • Español
3. Wikipedia KZ Mauthausen: Nederlands • Deutsch • English • Français • Português
4. KZ Gusen:
   WikipediaDeutsch • English • Français • Español
   KZ Gusen, KZ Gusen Memorial Committee (english)
5. KZ-Gedenkstätte Loibl
   Loibl-Nord Open Street Map
6. Wikipedia, KZ-Ebensee: Nederlands • Deutsch • English • Français • Español
7. Ballad of Mauthausen
   Wikipedia Deutsch • English
   YouTube, 2 songs from Mauthausen Andonis, Asma Asmaton Theodorakis / Farandouri, live in Pireaus
8. holocaustmusic.ort.org Mauthausen

1944-01-19 Franciscus Jacobus Karolus van Bilsen † Venlo
1944-09-07 Kees Droogleever-Fortuyn † Mauthausen
1945-02-10 Jan Ubachs † Mauthausen Gusen
1945-02-23 Guillaume Duijkers † KZ Sachsenhausen, Oranienburg
1945-03-01 Leo Dael † Mauthausen
1945-03-02 Cornelis Gijsbertus Peters † Mauthausen
1945-03-05 Antonius Lodewijk Joseph Mooren † Mauthausen
1945-03-05 Joannes Hubertus Matheus Speetjens † Mauthausen
1945-03-09 Jean Marie Dael † Mauthausen
1945-03-09 Thomas Adrianus Maria Schiphorst † Mauthausen
1945-03-25 Willem Hubert Heber † Mauthausen
1945-04-05 Johannes Mathijs Lambert Tholen † Mauthausen (A)
1945-04-11 Martinus Hubertus Brouns † Mauthausen
1945-04-23 Adrianus Johannes Albertus Sars † Passau (Mauthausen)
1945-04-27 Paulus Anthonius Engeln † KZ Mauthausen-Ebensee
1945-05-02 Joseph Michael Willem Pernot † Buchenwald
1949-01-25 Josephus Hubertus Theodorus Colleije (Colleye) † Nijmegen
hr

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